How can you easily grasp the current market trends, technological developments, ecosystem progress, and governance dynamics in the Web3 industry? Web3Caff Research's "Market Pulse Analysis" column delves into the front lines to identify and select current hot topics, providing valuable interpretations, commentary, and fundamental analysis. See through the phenomena to the essence, and follow us to quickly capture the forefront of the Web3 market.
Author: Shirley Li , Researcher at Web3Caff Research
Cover: Logo from this project, Typography by Web3Caff Research
Word count: Approximately 3300+ words in total
On January 4th, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin pointed out on the X platform that with zkEVM reaching production-ready performance levels (although security needs improvement) and PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling) already launched on the mainnet , Ethereum is gradually transforming into a network with stronger decentralization, greater security, and higher network throughput. This transformation has implicitly become a viable path to solving the "trilemma."
Before analyzing zkEVM and PeerDAS mechanisms, let's first systematically understand the core ideas behind Ethereum's solution to the "trilemma".
The "trilemma" has always been a structural choice that developers face in designing blockchain systems: the inability to simultaneously optimize network decentralization, security, and scalability to their best state. This is because, in traditional blockchain models, to achieve "decentralization," the system often needs to minimize the hardware and operational barriers of nodes to ensure a sufficient number of nodes participate in consensus ; to ensure "security," the system often requires each node participating in consensus to be able to run independently and to verify all data in the block and the results of transaction execution in a reproducible manner (i.e., nodes need to completely download and repeatedly execute transactions); and to improve "scalability," the system needs the network to be able to process more transactions and contain more data within the same unit of time.
This means that if the system requires all nodes to download all data completely and execute transactions repeatedly, the system's bandwidth and computing resources will be consumed rapidly, and the hardware and maintenance requirements for nodes will be raised accordingly. On the other hand, if the system wants to reduce the verification work of nodes, the security and verifiability of the network will be reduced.
Therefore, Ethereum introduced PeerDAS and zkEVM precisely to break this performance constraint:
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